Broad-band spectral properties of accreting X-ray binary pulsars

Broad-band spectra of accreting X-ray binary pulsars can be fitted by a phenomenological model composed of a power law with a high energy rollover above 10 keV, plus a blackbody component with a temperature of few hundred eV. While, at least qualitatively, the hard tail can be explained in terms of (inverse) Compton scattering, the origin of the soft component cannot find a unique explanation. Recently, a qualitative picture able to explain the overall broad-band spectrum of luminous X-ray pulsars was carried out by taking into account the effect of bulk Comptonization in the accretion column. After a review of these recent theoretical developments, I will present a case study of how different modeling of the continuum affect broad features, in particular the cyclotron resonance features in Vela X-1.     

The double-pulsar binary J0737–3039

A recent multibeam pulsar survey of the outer Galactic plane at Parkes has discovered the first-known double-pulsar binary, a very compact double neutron star system in which both stars are observable as radio pulsars. In this review, we briefly describe the discovery and the studies which have been enabled by the unique properties of the system. These range from the most precise confirmation yet of the theory of general relativity, with the possibility of even more new tests and the measurement of second-order post-Newtonian effects, to studies of the magnetospheres and emission properties of the two pulsars. The discovery also results in a significant increase in the expected rate of occurrence of the mergers of double neutron star systems, and hence the rate of detection of such events by the new ground-based gravitational wave detectors.     

Modelling of Spall in an Anisotropic Aluminium Alloy

Spall caused by hypervelocity impacts at the lower range of velocities could result in significant damage to spacecraft. A number of polycrystalline alloys, used in spacecraft manufacturing, exhibit a pronounced anisotropy in their mechanical properties. The aluminium alloy AA 7010, whose orthotropy is a consequence of the meso-scale phase distribution or grain morphology, has been chosen for this investigation. The material failure observed in plate impact was simulated using a number of spall models. The Hugoniot elastic limit and spall strength have been studied as a function of orientation, and compared to experimental results.     

基于损伤力学的概率疲劳曲线获取方法

文章基于损伤力学方法获得满足疲劳试验的损伤演化方程,推导出一般条件下的理论疲劳曲线以及相对应的理论中值疲劳曲线与理论理想疲劳曲线；然后根据试验数据即可确定理论疲劳曲线中的参量,从而获取疲劳曲线计算公式。通过此计算公式,可以方便地得到一组以初始损伤为参数的疲劳曲线族,继而得到以失效概率为参数的疲劳曲线族,大大降低了所需试验的数量,并为结构抗疲劳设计和寿命估算提供了依据。     

疲劳缺口系数评述

对疲劳缺口系数Ｋｆ的定义和影响因素进行了全面综述，对目前已被普遍接受和广泛使用的一些典型Ｋｆ表达式作了系统的回顾和评述。按照不同的Ｋｆ表达式建立所作的基本假设可将Ｋｆ表达式大致分为平均应力模型、断裂力学模型和场强法模型三类。对以上三类模型的比较分析表明，平均应力模型是应力场强法模型的特例；断裂力学模型是建立在非扩展小裂纹基础上的，对应力集中系数较大的缺口较为合理；应力场强法模型是一个比较有前途的模型。     

高拱坝失效模式与失效概率

为克服高拱坝确定性安全评价中不考虑随机性、不进行风险分析的弊端,提出研究超静定结构高拱坝的失效模式、利用失效概率与失效风险值对高拱坝进行风险评价。在分析洪水、地震和材料老化等造成高拱坝失效原因的基础上,利用故障树分析法探索出高拱坝具有失稳溃坝、剪滑垮坝、超量开裂以及人为毁坝等4种主要失效模式;从产生载荷参数随机数、获取随机变量的分布规律和建立失效模式的状态函数等方面研究了高拱坝单个失效模式与系统失效概率的计算方法。计算了某高拱坝剪滑失效模式的失效概率。     

高强度钢内螺纹冷挤压成形与强化试验研究

内螺纹冷挤压成形是提高内螺纹疲劳强度的有效方法.作者研制出挤压扭矩和温度的测量系统,并从理论上证明了挤压变形区金属在挤压过程中受到三向压应力的作用,这可以大大增加金属的塑性,改善内螺纹的成形条件.高强度钢内螺纹成形与强化的关键在于挤压丝锥结构的优化设计以及工件底孔尺寸、挤压速度和冷却润滑液的合理选择.疲劳对比试验结果表明:在两个不同应力水平下,用挤压丝锥挤压强化的300M高强度钢螺纹,其寿命是切削螺纹的4～30倍.     

典型系统的区间可靠性分析

在已知系统组成单元的区间可靠度或单元区间失效概率前提下,根据扩张原理,利用区间分析方法,分析了串联系统、并联系统、先串后并系统、先并后串系统、r/n(G)系统等典型系统的区间可靠性。基于区间数比较的可能度公式,提出了准一致性概念。分析了典型系统的区间可靠度特性与其点可靠度特性之间的准一致性。这一结果进一步完善了系统区间可靠性分析理论。     

齿轮抗弯曲疲劳可靠度预测的方法

把齿轮弯曲疲劳失效处理成随机事件，以这个随机事件为研究对象，用齿轮抗弯曲疲劳的累积损伤强度ＫＷ和总疲劳损伤量ＤＷ来描述弯曲疲劳失效随机事件，得出用概率描述的弯曲疲劳的疲劳累积损伤模型。用这个计算模型，提出齿轮抗弯曲疲劳可靠度预测的方法。     

一种新的应变疲劳材质参数估算方法

本文根据金属材料的循环硬化/软化特性和由能量—寿命关系导出的有关应变疲劳材质参数的估算表达式,讨论并提出了一种用材料的静力参数估算其应变疲劳材质参数的新方法,文中称之为混合法。该方法简单、明了,与目前已有的通用斜率法、四点关联法及改进的四点关联法比较具有更好的应变疲劳材质参数估算精度。